I received the replacement card in the stack of mail that accumulates throughout the week. I called to activate it, however I don't intend to use it; I was just following the instructions on the sticker.
Instead of a fully-automated card activation system, I reached a real person. He said that he "had concerns about recent activity on the account." No kidding! (See previous story of woe.) He told me that I would need to speak with a customer account specialist (which apparently, he is not). However, no customer account specialists work at this hour, so I will have to call back tomorrow during business hours.
On second thought, I'll just put the card in my file and let it remain inactive. Problem solved.
Update: The phone number I was instructed to call was 800-239-7054, which is apparently Identity Theft section of the Capital One Fraud Investigation Department. I might just call them to see if I don't need to explain the whole series of events. Too good to be true, I know.